This line of terriers developed by John Russell was well respected for those qualities, and his dogs were often taken on by hunt enthusiasts. Russell was said to have prided himself that his terriers never tasted blood. Īn important attribute in this dog was a tempered aggressiveness that would provide the necessary drive to pursue and bolt the fox, without resulting in physical harm to the quarry and effectively ending the chase, which was considered unsporting. By the 1850s, these dogs were recognised as a distinct breed. She was the basis for a breeding program to develop a terrier with high stamina for the hunt as well as the courage and formation to chase out foxes that had gone to ground. Her colouring was described as ".white, with just a patch of dark tan over each eye and ear whilst a similar dot, not larger than a penny piece, marks the root of the tail." Davies, a friend of Russell's, wrote: "Trump was such an animal as Russell had only seen in his dreams". Trump epitomised his ideal Fox Terrier, which, at the time, was a term used for any terrier which was used to bolt foxes out of their burrows. Difficulty in differentiating the dog from the creature it was pursuing brought about the need for a mostly white dog, and so in 1819 during his last year of university at Exeter College, Oxford, he purchased a small white and tan terrier female named Trump from a local milkman in the nearby small hamlet of Elsfield or Marston. The small white fox-working terriers we know today were first bred by the Reverend John Russell, a parson and hunting enthusiast born in 1795, and they can trace their origin to the now extinct English white terrier. History Sporting parson Ī drawing of Trump, the dog purchased by the Rev. Jack Russells have appeared many times in film, television, and print – with several historical dogs of note. Recognition by kennel clubs for the Jack Russell breed has been opposed by the breed's parent societies – which resulted in the breeding and recognition of the Parson Russell terrier. It has gone through several changes over the years, corresponding to different use and breed standards set by kennel clubs. John Russell in the early 19th century, from whom the breed takes its name, the Jack Russell has similar origins to the modern Fox Terrier. Originating from dogs bred and used by the Rev. They are relatively free from any serious health complaints. Jack Russells are an energetic breed that rely on a high level of exercise and stimulation. Technically, the Parson Russell is usually larger and officially limited to a middle range, with a standard size of 30–36 cm (12–14 in), whereas the Jack Russell is a broader type, with a size range of 25–38 cm (10–15 in). Jack Russells are also frequently confused with the Parson Russell Terrier. However, the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) regards the Russell terrier as a sub-type of Jack Russell terrier. Some authorities recognize a similar but separate breed as the Russell Terrier – a shorter-legged, stockier dog, with a range of 20–30 cm (8–12 in). Each breed has different physical characteristics according to the standards of their national breed clubs size and proportions are often used to tell them apart. ![]() Small tan and white terriers that technically belong to other breeds are sometimes known erroneously as "Jack Russells". It is principally white-bodied and smooth, rough or broken-coated and can be any colour. ![]() The Jack Russell Terrier is a small terrier that has its origins in fox hunting in England.
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